1 & 3: b - f.
2 & 4 are inadmissible, since both imply that both men were in the car.
To mean that John was in (probably, but not definitely) his own car and shot/saw Harry, we would say
John saw/shot Harry FROM his car.
and to be absolutely certain as to the ownership, you would have to specify from John's car....
place clause
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No. You would still have to ask 'What did he do FROM his car?' if you wished to elicit that as a possible response. On the other hand, you might ask 'What did he do in his car?' to elicit an answer such as 'He used a gun'. That would still tend to suggest, though, that the action of using the gun was confined to the area inside the car, and did not affect anyone or anything outside.