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How to Pronounce "the" in English

Normally, we pronounce "the" with a short sound (like "thuh"). But when "the" comes before a vowel sound, we pronounce it as a long "thee".

vowel soundwe writewe say
Athe applethee apple
Ethe eggthee egg
Ithe ice-creamthee ice-cream
Othe orangethee orange
Uthe ugli fruitthee ugli fruit

It is important to understand that it is what we say that matters, not what we write. It is the sound that matters, not the letter used in writing a word. So we use a long "thee" before a vowel sound, not necessarily before a vowel. Look at these cases:

we writewithwe saywith
the houseconsonant (h)thuh houseconsonant sound
the hourconsonant (h)thee ourvowel sound
the universityvowel (u)thuh youniversityconsonant sound
the umbrellavowel (u)thee umbrellavowel sound

Emphatic the [thee]
When we wish to place emphasis on a particular word, we can use "emphatic the" [thee], whether or not the word begins with a consonant or vowel sound. For example:

A: I saw the [thuh] President yesterday.
B: What! The [thee] President of the United States?
A: Yes, exactly.