awrang wrote:what are Introductory Clauses and Introductory Phrases
would you mind telling me the definition and giving me some example of these two?

According to the Pursue Writing Center (I use this site all the time) at
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/ ... maint.html,
Introductory clauses are dependent clauses that provide background information or "set the stage" for the main part of the sentence, the independent clause. For example:
If they want to win, athletes must exercise every day. (introductory dependent clause, main clause)
Because he kept barking insistently, we threw the ball for Smokey. (introductory dependent clause, main clause)
Clue: Introductory clauses start with adverbs like after, although, as, because, before, if, since, though, until, when, etc.
The English Club also has some good information on these subjects at
http://www.englishclub.com/grammar/conj ... nating.htm.
We read in the newspaper today where Afghani voters approved your first popular constitution -- congratulations!