Doubled consonant before -ed
stopped, equipped, distilled
listed by level
The trickiest part of forming regular past tenses is the need to double consonants before -ed if they follow a short vowel sound like /e/, as in “step” changing to “stepped”. This doubling is needed because -ed after a single consonant can work like Magic E and change the vowel sound (as if “hop” changed to “hoped” instead of “hopped”). The doubled consonant is therefore needed to “block” the action of the -ed ending on short vowels. This page gives examples of these “blocking” doubled consonants for all learners from Elementary to Advanced, with each level arranged alphabetically by the doubled consonant.
Elementary-level words with doubled consonant before -ed
- jogged
- planned
- dropped
- shopped
- stopped
- chatted
Pre-intermediate-level words with doubled consonant before -ed
- controlled
- slimmed
- banned
- stepped
- wrapped
- fitted
Intermediate-level words with doubled consonant before -ed
- shredded
- begged
- dragged
- drugged
- installed
- drummed
- spammed
- canned
- stunned
- thinned
- chopped
- equipped
- hopped
- rapped
- slipped
- tripped
- admitted
- benefitted
- committed
- inputted
- permitted
- regretted
- submitted
Upper-intermediate-level words with doubled consonant before -ed
- nodded
- padded
- skidded
- bragged
- bugged
- gigged
- mugged
- plugged
- shrugged
- tagged
- zigzagged
- enrolled
- fulfilled
- rebelled
- crammed
- jammed
- scammed
- skimmed
- trimmed
- binned
- conned
- fanned
- grinned
- manned
- pinned
- scanned
- tanned
- tinned
- twinned
- clapped
- dipped
- dripped
- gripped
- kidnapped
- mapped
- napped
- ripped
- skipped
- slapped
- shipped
- stripped
- swapped
- topped
- trapped
- whipped
- zipped
- batted
- betted
- boycotted
- combatted
- dotted
- duetted
- emitted
- formatted
- knitted
- knotted
- omitted
- patted
- plotted
- rotted
- spotted
- squatted
- transmitted
Advanced-level words with doubled consonant before -ed
- bedded
- budded
- kidded
- plodded
- prodded
- sledded
- studded
- thudded
- bagged
- chugged
- clogged
- dogged
- flagged
- flogged
- fogged
- gagged
- glugged
- jigged
- lagged
- leapfrogged
- logged
- lugged
- nagged
- pegged
- rigged
- sagged
- slogged
- slugged
- snagged
- snogged
- swigged
- tugged
- vegged
- wagged
- annulled
- appalled
- corralled
- distilled
- enthralled
- expelled
- impelled
- propelled
- rappelled
- repelled
- brimmed
- dammed
- dimmed
- gummed
- hemmed
- hummed
- rammed
- slammed
- slummed
- stemmed
- strummed
- telegrammed
- gunned
- panned
- penned
- punned
- shunned
- sinned
- skinned
- spanned
- sunned
- swanned
- bopped
- capped
- chipped
- cropped
- cupped
- flapped
- flipped
- flopped
- kipped
- lapped
- lopped
- mopped
- plopped
- popped
- prepped
- propped
- quipped
- sapped
- sipped
- slopped
- snapped
- snipped
- strapped
- supped
- tapped
- tipped
- yapped
- abetted
- abutted
- allotted
- blotted
- butted
- clotted
- flitted
- fretted
- gritted
- gutted
- jetted
- jutted
- kitted
- matted
- petted
- pitted
- potted
- rebutted
- remitted
- slitted
- splatted
- strutted
- swatted
- swotted
- totted
- trotted
- vetted
- wetted
